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Dyeing is a melakha with the objective of making something more beautiful. (See section 23 below.) On the Torah level, the prohibition is limited to long-lasting paints or dyes. The Sages also prohibited color that will not last long. Makeup is a good example of this. The prohibition includes applying nail polish, foundation, eye shadow, blush, lipstick, and clear lip gloss (as its shine is considered color). However, applying powder is permissible (whether white or colored), because powder has no adhesive agent and simply stays on the surface of the face without sticking. There is only a prohibition of Dyeing when makeup adheres to the skin. Removing makeup with water or cotton is permissible.
The prohibition on wearing makeup is one of the most difficult Shabbat rules to follow, especially since everyone is dressing up and trying to look their best. However, we can suggest that taking a break from makeup ties in with an important aspect of Shabbat. On Shabbat, we take a break from weekday tension, which can include the anxiety of attempting to meet society’s cruel and superficial beauty standards. Perhaps Shabbat’s sanctity can help us accept and appreciate our natural beauty (which we may choose to highlight with clothing and jewelry). Having said that, before Shabbat begins, we may – and even should – put on makeup, as this is compatible with our weekday mission – to repair the world and prepare it for Shabbat.
