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As we said above (section 8), in addition to fasting there are four forms of self-denial.
- Washing
Washing any part of the body for pleasure, even just the pinky finger, is forbidden on Yom Kippur. Washing to remove dirt is permissible.
Therefore, one who has gotten muddy, is permitted to wash the dirty areas. Similarly, after changing a diaper, it is permissible to wash one’s hands with soap and water to remove any excrement and odor.
Someone preparing food for a child may wash the food and the dishes as needed, as this is not washing for pleasure.
Handwashing is permitted for a mitzva. For example, a person may wash his hands ritually after waking up in the morning and after using the facilities. However, the fingers should be washed only to the knuckles rather than to the wrists.
- Applying Cream
One may not apply anything meant to nourish the skin (such as oil, cream, lotion, or moisturizer), even to a small part of the body. Applying makeup is also prohibited on Yom Kippur, just as on Shabbat.
Someone who is suffering from itching may apply lotion to the skin, as this is not for pleasure, but rather to get rid of pain. Perfumes or deodorants that make people smell good may not be used. Since they are moist, using them is considered a form of washing. However, it is permitted to use them to remove a bad odor, in the same way it is permitted to wash off dirt.
- Wearing Shoes
Leather shoes or sandals may not be worn on Yom Kippur. As for shoes made of other materials, if they are shoes which people generally wear outside even on rough terrain, they may not be worn. In contrast, one may wear cloth slippers or flip flops, because they are not normally worn outside on rough terrain. Those who wear orthotics may insert them into their slippers.
- Marital Relations
Couples must abstain from sexual relations. To avoid sinning, married couples should follow the nidda restrictions, such as not touching one another and sleeping in separate beds (9:8 above).
