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The judges should be “capable men who fear God, trustworthy men who spurn ill-gotten gains” (Exodus 18:21). The Hebrew for “capable men” is anshei ĥayil, which can be translated more literally as “men of valor” or “heroes.” This refers to judges who have the courage to decide justly, without regard to threats from criminals or the pressure of public opinion. Along the same lines, judges are admonished to fear no one, for judgment is God’s” (Deuteronomy 1:17). “Trustworthy men” refers to judges who treat everyone equally and do not favor anyone. As we read, “You shall not render an unfair decision; do not favor the poor or show deference to the rich; judge your fellow with righteousness” (Leviticus 19:15). “Who spurn ill-gotten gains” refers to people who hate money gained dishonestly. This is to ensure that the judges will not be tempted to accept bribes. The Torah demands: “Do not take bribes, for bribes blind the clear-sighted and upset the pleas of those who are in the right” (Exodus 23:8).
