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We recite Taĥanun, a supplicatory prayer, after the repetition of the Shaĥarit and Minĥa Amidas. Taĥanun is not mandatory, but it can be especially effective during times of trouble. It expresses our submission to and desperate need for our Creator. It is as if a person is saying to the Master of the universe: All parts of my body are subordinated to You. Do what You will with me, as I am entirely Yours.
Originally, a person reciting Taĥanun would either prostrate himself on the ground with arms and legs outstretched, or would kneel and bow his head to the ground. This way we prayed in multiple positions – the Shema while sitting, the Amida while standing, and Taĥanun while prostrated. This is no longer the practice, as we are afraid the prostration might not be accompanied by the extreme subordination it represents. Instead, Ashkenazim and some Sephardim recite Taĥanun while sitting down and burying their head in their arms, reminiscent of prostration. Many Sephardim simply sit.
Taĥanun is a prayer about brokenheartedness, and physical and spiritual suffering. Therefore, it is not recited on holidays or in the presence of those involved with religious celebrations such as a brit or a wedding.
